Apoptosis and necrosis are two major processes by which cells die. Apoptosis is an active, genetically regulated disassembly of the cell from within. During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine (PS) is translocated from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane for phagocytic cell recognition. The human anticoagulant Annexin V is a 35 kDa, Ca2 -dependent phospholipid-binding protein with high affinity for PS. Annexin V labeled with CF™488A (Abs/Em: 490/515 nm) stains apoptotic cells green by binding to PS exposed on the cell surface. CF™488A is spectrally similar to fluorescein (FITC), with much brighter and more photostable fluorescence.
Necrosis normally results from severe cellular insult. Both internal organelle and plasma membrane integrity are lost, resulting in the release of cellular contents into the surrounding environment. Ethidium homodimer III (EthD-III) is a highly positively charged nucleic acid probe, which is impermeant to live cells, but stains cells with compromised membrane integrity with red fluorescence (Abs/Em (with DNA): 528/617 nm). EthD-III is a superior alternative to propidium iodide (PI) or ethidium homodimer I because of its significantly higher affinity for DNA and higher fluorescence quantum yield. The kit also includes the membrane permeable DNA dye Hoechst 33342 (Abs/Em (with DNA) 350/461 nm) to stain all cell nuclei blue.
Kit Components:
- CF™488A-Annexin V
- Ethidium homodimer III
- Hoechst 33342
- 5X binding buffer
Features:
- Simple: Simultaneous detection of apoptotic, necrotic, and total cells in a single assay
- Fast: A single 15-30 min staining step
- Sensitive: CF™488A-Annexin V is brighter and more photostable than FITC-Annexin V, while EthD-III is a superior alternative to both PI and EthD-I for staining necrotic cells.
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